Trust as a mediator of the relationship between leader/member behavior and leader-member-exchange quality

We examined how and why trust between a subordinate and supervisor develops over time from the separate perspectives and experiences of both dyad partners. Integrating the literatures on trust, leader-member-exchange (LMX) and promotion regulatory focus (PRF), we test our model using longitudinal data from a Malaysian subsidiary of a U.S. headquartered corporation. Subordinate's trust in supervisor mediated between supervisor's PRF and subordinate's experience of LMX quality; supervisor's trust in subordinate mediated between subordinate's job performance and leader's experience of LMX quality. Findings are interpreted within the high power-distance, high collectivist, and high performance orientation of Malaysian culture.     

聚L-乳酸的合成及其性能研究

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,丙交酯为单体,开环聚合得到聚L-乳酸(PLLA)。研究了各种因素对PLLA分子量及性能影响,包括单体的纯度、催化剂的浓度、反应温度及时间等。并产物进行了分子量及降解性能测试。结果表明,PLLA材料是热不稳定聚合物,具有良好的降解性和生物相容性。     

非恶意个人信用不良记录的长效防范机制研究

现实生活中,居民由于种种原因产生了大量非恶意逾期记录,这不仅给其本身带来了不便,还可能对征信系统、商业银行等造成不利影响.因此,有必要建立一套长效机制来加强非恶意个人信用不良记录的防范.     

The Merits of Dual Pricing of Russian Natural Gas

Our analysis reveals that, from Russia's perspective, there is no economic rationale to unify the price of natural gas it sells domestically and in Europe. We argue that pipelines allow Gazprom to segment the Russian market from the European (including Turkey) market and that Russia has market power in the European market. If Russia were to fail to exploit this market power in its European market, by selling its natural gas to Europe at only full long‐run marginal cost plus transportation costs, Russia would lose between $5 billion and $7.5 billion per year (almost two per cent of its GDP). If, instead, Russia were to raise its domestic prices to the prices it charges in Europe, Russian industry would incur very large investment adjustment and unemployment costs in the short run – adjustment costs that cannot be justified on the basis of comparative advantage. We estimate that the efficient world price would be achieved if Gazprom were to employ its optimal ‘two‐part tariff’. The optimal two‐part tariff would double Gazprom's annual profits in Europe, but it involves significant long‐term risks for Gazprom of lost market share.     

模块化理论及其对我国制造业转型升级的启示

20世纪90年代以来,模块及模块化的理念和方法被逐渐引入企业的生产和管理之中,甚至成为推动产业结构调整和产业组织变革的革命性力量。国内外主流的模块化理论认为,模块化包括价值模块化、技术模块化和组织模块化,并对模块化给予了很高的评价,但是,另外一些学者则对主流的模块化理论提出了疑问。为使模块化理论更成熟,还有一些相关的问题需要深入研究。重要的是,模块化理论给我国制造业的转型升级带来了有益的启示。     

The Impact of the Inpatient Prospective Payment System and Diagnosis-Related Groups

Abstract

The outpatient prospective payment system for the Medicare program became effective Aug. 1, 2000, as mandated by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. This outpatient program complements Medicare’s inpatient prospective payment system, which was introduced in 1983. A survey of the literature over the past 20 years is undertaken to review the effects of the inpatient prospective payment system and diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) on inpatient hospital utilization, expenditures, and outcomes. The level of the DRG payment has been questioned, as well as the process of adjusting the payment levels from one year to the next. In addition, past research has speculated that the DRG classification may not be sensitive to severity and is subject to coding ambiguities. These conclusions can be used as input to future research on the new outpatient program, as well as updating research on the inpatient program.     

The nonlinear time series properties of unemployment rates: some further evidence

The time series properties of unemployment rates for Germany, Japan, the UK and the US are re-examined. Evidence of nonlinear structure in the residuals of the most parsimonious linear ARMA models is reported for all countries except Japan. Modelling this nonlinearity using SETAR models suggests strong asymmetry in unemployment dynamics and the presence of a possible limit cycle for the UK. However, residual diagnostics for these models indicate remaining structure. Alternative TAR models conditioned on past growth rates of industrial production yield substantial reductions in residual variance over both linear and SETAR counterparts, iid residuals in all cases other than the US, and threshold values at or very near zero, clearly identifying the asymmetric behaviour of unemployment during expansionary and contractionary phases of the business cycle.     

Instructor quality affecting emergency medical technician (EMT) preparedness: a LEADS project*

This represents one of a series of studies of the Longitudinal Emergency Medical Technician Attributes and Demographics Study (LEADS) being undertaken by the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). This secondary analysis of the LEADS database, which provides a representative sampling of EMTs throughout the United States, examines the effects of instructor quality on the level of preparedness of emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Results showed significant differences, based on instructor quality, in the ratings on ten dimensions of EMT preparedness for both EMT Basics and EMT Paramedics. Implications for HRD practitioners, adult educators and researchers are discussed.     

Are there always synergies between productive resources and resource deployment capabilities?

While the independent impacts of particular firm resources and deployment capabilities on firm performance are unambiguous cornerstones of the strategy field, it is commonly assumed that their joint impacts are synergistic. This article seeks to understand whether this common misconception of resource‐based theory can be refuted empirically. Using data from hospitals conducting specialist surgery, I find hospital performance improves independently through better surgical resource quality and from more use of a streamlined form of resource management in which overall patient team leadership and operating team leadership are held by the same physician. Generally the interaction of these two firm activities had no impact on performance. These results contribute to the strategy field's understanding of whether and when internal fit affects performance, clarifying an incorrect inference commonly made about resource‐based theory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于沃尔评分法的财政资金绩效审计评价指标体系研究

随着财政资金绩效审计的不断深入,构建财政资金绩效审计评价指标体系成为当前财政审计工作的核心。本文采用＂沃尔评分法＂的基本原理对评价指标体系的路径进行了构建,并对指标体系的主要内容从经济性、效率性和效果性三个方面进行了初步研究。